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Fish acute toxicity syndrome
Fish acute toxicity syndrome (FATS) is a set of common chemical and functional responses in fish resulting from a short-term, acute exposure to a lethal concentration of a toxicant, a chemical or material that can produce an unfavorable effect in a living organism. By definition, modes of action are characterized by FATS because the combination of common responses that represent each fish acute toxicity syndrome characterize an adverse biological effect.〔 Therefore, toxicants that have the same mode of action elicit similar sets of responses in the organism and can be classified by the same fish acute toxicity syndrome.
== Background ==
During the 1970s, large-scale production of chemicals dramatically increased initiating new legislation to appease public concern about potential harmful effects. After implementation of the Toxic Substances Control Act in 1977, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) required chemicals, new and existing, to be assessed for risks to human health and ecological systems.Since thousands of new chemicals are registered a year,〔 it is important to utilize a screening technique that predicts toxicity of chemicals in a consistent, efficient manner.〔 As a result, researchers in the field of toxicology focused on the development of QSAR models as a means of assessing toxic effects of chemicals in fish.〔
In toxicology, the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approach is a method for predicting toxicity based on the properties and structure of a toxicant.〔 This method has been developed under the assumption that a group of chemicals, with similar structural components, will result in similar toxic effects due to having the same activity, or mode of action.〔〔 In other words, the toxicity of a chemical is directly related to the chemical’s structure. Therefore, QSAR are used to create predictive computer programs and models to correlate structure and activity of chemicals. Overall, the objective is to aid in toxicology by providing databases and predictive models for classifying toxicants by modes of action as well as estimate acute toxicity of a chemical.To utilize the QSAR approach, researchers need to establish a pool of variables to be considered in this modelling process.〔 QSAR models are differentiated by groups of chemicals characterized by a common mode of action.〔 However, limited data is available on defined relationships between toxic responses and chemicals with known modes of action.〔 Consequently, toxicologists have focused on the development of FATS to define these responses to better predict modes of action.〔 This approach focuses on grouping chemical and functional responses in a manner so that individual chemicals with known modes of action can be separated into specific FATS.〔 Overall, FATS aid QSAR models by providing a systematic way of defining and predicting modes of action.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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